How do trans fats affect cholesterol levels?

Trans fats are a type of unsaturated fat that are typically created through an industrial process that adds hydrogen to vegetable oil, making the oil more solid. This process can lead to various health issues, particularly in relation to cholesterol levels.

When trans fats are consumed, they have been shown to increase low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, commonly referred to as "bad" cholesterol. High levels of LDL cholesterol in the blood are associated with an increased risk of heart disease as they can lead to the buildup of plaques in the arteries. At the same time, trans fats are known to decrease levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, often referred to as "good" cholesterol. HDL cholesterol helps to remove other forms of cholesterol from the bloodstream, and lower levels of HDL can further contribute to cardiovascular risk.

This dual action—raising LDL and lowering HDL—makes trans fats particularly harmful compared to other types of dietary fats. Thus, the correct choice accurately reflects the harmful impact of trans fats on cholesterol levels.