What effect does aldosterone and cortisone have on sodium and potassium levels in the body?

The choice indicating that aldosterone and cortisone cause sodium retention and potassium loss is accurate because these hormones play vital roles in electrolyte and fluid balance in the body, particularly in the kidneys.

Aldosterone is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands and is primarily responsible for regulating sodium and potassium levels. When aldosterone is secreted, it acts on the renal tubules in the kidneys, leading to increased reabsorption of sodium from the urine back into the blood. This sodium retention helps to increase blood volume and blood pressure. Concurrently, aldosterone promotes the excretion of potassium into the urine, which results in potassium loss.

Cortisone, a glucocorticoid hormone, also influences sodium and potassium levels, although its primary role is related more to metabolism and stress response. At high levels, cortisone can mimic some actions of aldosterone and lead to sodium retention and potential potassium loss.

Understanding the physiological actions of these hormones is crucial for recognizing how they affect overall fluid balance and electrolyte homeostasis in the body.