What food should a pregnant client avoid to ensure safety according to dietary counseling?

During pregnancy, it is crucial to manage dietary choices to protect both the mother and the developing child. Raw shellfish presents a significant risk due to the potential for harboring harmful bacteria and viruses, such as Vibrio species and norovirus, which can lead to foodborne illnesses. These pathogens can cause severe gastrointestinal distress and may even harm the developing fetus.

Consuming shellfish that has not been cooked properly raises the likelihood of exposure to these contaminants, making it a food item that pregnant clients should avoid. In contrast, cooked fish, raw vegetables, and lean meats, when properly handled and prepared, do not typically pose the same level of risk and can even provide essential nutrients beneficial during pregnancy. Thus, instructing pregnant clients to steer clear of raw shellfish is an important dietary guideline for ensuring a safe and healthy pregnancy.